PHILIPPINE HISTORY, Its Roots And Development.ppt

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Philippine History: Its Roots and Development

Philippine history is the study of the past events that shaped the identity and culture of the Filipino people. It covers the period from pre-colonial times to the present day, tracing the influences of various foreign and local forces that shaped the nation's history.

The roots of Philippine history can be traced back to the ancient civilizations that flourished in Southeast Asia, such as the Srivijaya, Majapahit, and Malacca empires. These civilizations had trade and cultural contacts with the early inhabitants of the Philippine archipelago, who were mostly Austronesian-speaking peoples. The arrival of Islam in the 13th century introduced a new religion and political system to some parts of the islands, especially in Mindanao and Sulu.

The development of Philippine history was greatly influenced by the arrival of European colonizers, particularly the Spanish and the Americans, who imposed their political, economic, social, and cultural systems on the Filipinos. The Spanish colonization lasted for more than three centuries, from 1565 to 1898, and was marked by resistance and revolts from various Filipino groups. The American colonization lasted for almost five decades, from 1898 to 1946, and was characterized by reforms and modernization, as well as conflicts and struggles for independence.

The contemporary period of Philippine history began with the establishment of the Philippine Republic in 1946, after World War II. Since then, the Philippines has undergone several political and social changes, such as martial law, People Power revolutions, constitutional reforms, and various challenges and opportunities in the global arena. The Philippines is now a democratic and sovereign nation, with a rich and diverse culture and heritage.The following are some of the major events in Philippine history that shaped its development:

In 1521, Portuguese explorer Ferdinand Magellan arrived in the Philippines and claimed it for Spain. He was killed by local chieftain Lapu-Lapu in the Battle of Mactan[^1^].

In 1565, Spanish colonizers led by Miguel Lopez de Legazpi established the first permanent settlement in Cebu. They later moved to Manila and founded the city in 1571[^1^].

In 1896, the Philippine Revolution against Spanish rule broke out, led by Andres Bonifacio and other members of the Katipunan secret society. Emilio Aguinaldo became the leader of the revolutionaries and declared independence in 1898[^1^] [^2^].

In 1898, the Spanish-American War ended with the Treaty of Paris, which ceded the Philippines to the United States. The Filipinos resisted American occupation and fought in the Philippine-American War from 1899 to 1902[^2^].

In 1901, Emilio Aguinaldo was captured by US troops and swore allegiance to the United States. The US established a civil government in the Philippines and promised eventual independence[^2^].

In 1935, the Philippine Commonwealth was established under a new constitution approved by a plebiscite. Manuel Quezon became the first president of the Commonwealth. The Philippines was promised full independence after 10 years[^2^].

In 1941, Japan invaded the Philippines during World War II. The US forces led by General Douglas MacArthur retreated to Bataan and Corregidor, where they surrendered in 1942. Quezon established a government-in-exile in the US[^2^].

In 1944, MacArthur returned to the Philippines with Allied forces and liberated Manila from Japanese occupation. The Philippines became a founding member of the United Nations[^2^].

In 1946, the Philippines gained full independence from the United States and became a republic. Manuel Roxas was elected as the first president of the Republic of the Philippines[^2^].

In 1965, Ferdinand Marcos was elected as president. He declared martial law in 1972, suspending civil rights and imposing censorship. He ruled as a dictator until 1986, when he was ousted by a peaceful people power revolution led by Corazon Aquino, the widow of his assassinated rival Benigno Aquino Jr.[^2^].

In 1986, Corazon Aquino became the first female president of the Philippines. She restored democracy and initiated constitutional reforms. She faced several coup attempts by military factions loyal to Marcos[^2^].

In 1992, Fidel Ramos was elected as president. He pursued economic liberalization and regional cooperation. He also signed a peace agreement with Muslim rebels in Mindanao[^2^].

In 1998, Joseph Estrada was elected as president. He faced impeachment charges for corruption and was ousted by another people power movement in 2001. He was succeeded by his vice president Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo[^2^].

In 2010, Benigno Aquino III, the son of Corazon and Benigno Aquino Jr., was elected as president. He continued his mother's legacy of good governance and anti-corruption. He also signed a historic peace deal with Muslim rebels in Mindanao[^2^].

In 2016, Rodrigo Duterte was elected as president. He launched a controversial war on drugs that resulted in thousands of deaths and human rights violations. He also pursued an independent foreign policy that shifted away from the US and closer to China[^2^]. 061ffe29dd